The outer shell of the Earth including the rocks, minerals, and landforms is commonly referred to as the Geosphere, or sometimes as lithosphere. Geological features, such as plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, erosion, and the formation of mountains are processes of the Geosphere. Indeed, the pace of temporal change in the Geosphere is highly dependent on space. Very local Volcanic activities are almost live brand new Earth being created from its inner non-solid materials, whereas vast areas covered by 4 billion years old rocks are still found in the surface. The geosphere is also influenced by life in many ways, like the genesis of soils. The formation of each type of rock or soil tells the local and sometimes global story of the past, developing the Geosphere as the Natural History book of the Earth system.